Zbulohet arsyeja pse koronavirusi godet më shumë burrat se gratë

Gratë rritin përgjigje më të forta imune ndaj infeksionit, thonë shkencëtarët. Dhe në Kinë, burrat pinë duhan në një numër shumë më të madh.

Koronavirusi që e ka origjinën në Kinë ka përhapur frikën dhe ankthin në të gjithë botën. Por ndërsa virusi ka kursyer kryesisht një grup të prekshëm – fëmijë – duket se përbën një kërcënim të veçantë për moshat e mesme dhe të moshuarit, veçanërisht burrat.

Këtë javë, Qendra Kineze për Kontrollin dhe Parandalimin e Sëmundjeve publikoi analizën më të madhe të rasteve të koronavirusit deri më sot. Megjithëse burrat dhe gratë janë infektuar në një numër afërsisht të barabartë, studiuesit zbuluan, niveli i vdekjes tek burrat ishte 2.8 përqind, krahasuar me 1.7 përqind midis grave.

Shifrat janë tërhequr nga të dhënat mjekësore të pacientit, dhe kampioni mund të mos reflektojë plotësisht fushën e shpërthimit. Por pabarazia është parë edhe në të kaluarën.

Burrat gjithashtu u prekën në mënyrë disproporcionale gjatë shpërthimit të SARS dhe MERS, të cilat u shkaktuan nga koronaviruset. Më shumë gra sesa burra u infektuan nga SARS në Hong Kong në 2003, por shkalla e vdekjes tek burrat ishte 50 përqind më e lartë, sipas një studimi të botuar në Annals of Medicine Medicine.

Rreth 32 përqind e burrave të infektuar me Sindromën e frymëmarrjes të Lindjes së Mesme vdiqën, krahasuar me 25.8 përqind të grave.

Një numër faktorësh mund të ndikojnë kundër burrave në epideminë aktuale, thonë shkencëtarët, përfshirë disa që janë biologjikë, dhe disa që janë të rrënjosur në stilin e jetës.

Kur bëhet fjalë për një përgjigje imune kundër infeksioneve, burrat janë seksi më i dobët. Ky është një model që kemi parë në shumë infeksione virale të traktit respirator – burrat mund të kenë rezultate më të këqija,” tha Sabra Klein, një shkencëtar që studion ndryshimet seksuale në infeksionet virale dhe përgjigjet e vaksinimit në Shkollën e Johns Hopkins Bloomberg të Shëndetit Publik .

Ne e kemi parë këtë me viruse të tjera. Gratë i luftojnë më mirë, shtoi ajo. Gratë gjithashtu prodhojnë përgjigje më të forta imune pas vaksinimeve, dhe kanë përgjigje të përmirësuara immune.

“Është diçka në lidhje me sistemin imunitar te femrat që është më ekselente”, tha Dr. Janine Clayton, drejtore e Zyrës së Kërkimit për Shëndetin e Grave në Institutin Kombëtar të Shëndetësisë.

Por ka një çmim të lartë, ajo shtoi: Gratë janë shumë më të ndjeshme ndaj sëmundjeve autoimune, si artriti reumatoid dhe lupus, në të cilin sistemi imunitar zhvendoset në mbivendosje dhe sulmon organet dhe indet e trupit.

Gati 80 përqind e atyre me sëmundje autoimune janë gra, vuri në dukje Dr. Clayton. Arsyet që gratë kanë reagime më të forta imune nuk janë plotësisht të qarta dhe hulumtimi është ende në një fazë të hershme, këshillojnë ekspertët.

Një hipotezë është se sistemet imune më të forta të grave u japin një avantazh mbijetesës pasardhësve të tyre, të cilët imunizojnë antitrupa nga qumështi i nënave që ndihmojnë në largimin e sëmundjes ndërsa sistemet imune të foshnjës ende po zhvillohen.

Një sërë faktorësh biologjikë mund të jetë përgjegjës, përfshirë estrogjenin e hormonit seksual femëror, i cili duket se luan një rol në imunitetin, dhe fakti që gratë mbajnë dy kromozome X, të cilat përmbajnë gjene të lidhura me imunitetin. Burrat, natyrisht, mbajnë vetëm një.

Eksperimentet në të cilat minjtë u ekspozuan ndaj koronavirusit SARS zbuluan se meshkujt ishin më të ndjeshëm ndaj infeksionit sesa femrat, një pabarazi që u rrit me moshën. Kishin një përgjigje imune më të ulët dhe ishin më të ngadalshëm për të pastruar virusin nga trupat e tyre. Ata pësuan më shumë dëme në mushkëri dhe vdiqën me ritme më të larta, tha Dr. Stanley Perlman, profesor i mikrobiologjisë në Universitetin e Ioëa-s i cili ishte autori i lartë i studimit.

Kur studiuesit bllokuan estrogjenin në femrat e infektuara ose hiqnin vezoret e tyre, ata kishin më shumë të ngjarë të vdisnin, por bllokimi i testosteronit te minjtë mashkull nuk bëri asnjë ndryshim, duke treguar që estrogjeni mund të luajë një rol mbrojtës.

Sjelljet shëndetësore që ndryshojnë nga seksi në disa shoqëri mund të luajnë gjithashtu një rol në përgjigjet e ndryshme ndaj infeksioneve.

Kina ka popullsinë më të madhe të duhanpirësve në botë – 316 milion njerëz – që përbën gati një të tretën e duhanpirësve në botë dhe 40 përqind të konsumit të duhanit në të gjithë botën. Por pak më shumë se 2 përqind e grave kineze pinë duhan, krahasuar me më shumë se gjysmën e të gjithë burrave.

Burrat kinezë gjithashtu kanë shkallë më të lartë të diabetit tip 2 dhe presion të lartë të gjakut sesa gratë, që të dyja rrisin rrezikun e komplikimeve pas infeksionit me koronavirusin. Shkalla e sëmundjes pulmonare obstruktive kronike është pothuajse dy herë më e lartë te burrat kinezë sesa tek gratë.

Në Shtetet e Bashkuara, gratë janë më proaktive në kërkimin e kujdesit shëndetësor sesa burrat, dhe disa studime të vogla kanë zbuluar se përgjithësimi vlen edhe për studentët kinezë në universitete në Shtetet e Bashkuara, gjithashtu.

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